Kinship / Term Explorer

Term Explorer

Scholar-attested kinship terms across Indian languages. Filter by language, community, or register. Free-text matches both native script and transliteration.

কাকা
ben · Beng
kākā
bengali_kayasthaformalin.wbscholar_verified
Father's younger brother. Distinct lexical slot for FyB.
মা
ben · Beng
mā
bengali_kayasthaformalin.wbscholar_verified
Mother (direct, gen+1, F). Formal: ammā.
জ্যাঠা
ben · Beng
jyāthā
bengali_kayasthaformalin.wbscholar_verified
Father's elder brother. KEY North Indian / Bengali term with no Dravidian cognate.
দিদি
ben · Beng
didi
bengali_kayasthaformalin.wbscholar_verified
Elder sister. Reused for elder female cousins on both sides.
ভাই
ben · Beng
bhāi
bengali_kayasthaformalin.wbscholar_verified
Younger brother / generic brother. Reused for younger male cousins on both sides.
বোন
ben · Beng
bon
bengali_kayasthaformalin.wbscholar_verified
Younger sister. Reused for younger female cousins on both sides.
মামা
ben · Beng
māmā
bengali_kayasthaformalin.wbscholar_verified
Mother's brother. NOT a prescriptive father-in-law (unlike Dravidian). MB-line marriage sapinda-forbidden.
ঠাকুর্দা
ben · Beng
ṭhākurdā
bengali_kayasthaformalin.wbscholar_verified
Paternal grandfather. Maternal GF = dādu. Indo-Aryan side-distinction (Layer 3 refinement).
ঠাকুর্মা
ben · Beng
ṭhākurmā
bengali_kayasthaformalin.wbscholar_verified
Paternal grandmother. Maternal GM = didimā. KEY Indo-Aryan side-distinction.
দাদা
ben · Beng
dādā
bengali_kayasthaformalin.wbscholar_verified
Elder brother. Reused for elder male cousins on both sides — all first cousins are sibling-class.
মামাতো ভাই
ben · Beng
māmāto bhāi
bengali_kayasthaformalin.wbscholar_verified
Mother's brother's son (MBS). Structurally cross-cousin but SIBLING-CLASS — marriage FORBIDDEN.
বাবা
ben · Beng
bābā
bengali_kayasthaformalin.wbscholar_verified
Father (direct, gen+1, M). Formal: pitā.
কাকাতো ভাই
ben · Beng
kākāto bhāi
bengali_kayasthaformalin.wbscholar_verified
Father's brother's son (FBS). Parallel-paternal sibling-class. Marriage FORBIDDEN.
মামাতো বোন
ben · Beng
māmāto bon
bengali_kayasthaformalin.wbscholar_verified
Mother's brother's daughter (MBD). Structurally cross-cousin; MBD-marriage FORBIDDEN under bengali_kayastha.
মাসি
ben · Beng
māsi
bengali_kayasthaformalin.wbscholar_verified
Mother's sister (māsimā more deferential). Generic mother-side aunt.
স্ত্রী
ben · Beng
strī
bengali_kayasthaformalin.wbscholar_verified
Wife (formal/Sanskritic). Casual: bou. Spousal affinal, gen 0.
ছেলে
ben · Beng
chhele
bengali_kayasthaformalin.wbscholar_verified
Son (direct descent, gen-1, M). Sanskritic putra in ritual register.
মেয়ে
ben · Beng
meye
bengali_kayasthaformalin.wbscholar_verified
Daughter (direct descent, gen-1, F). Sanskritic kanyā in ritual register.
পিসি
ben · Beng
pisi
bengali_kayasthaformalin.wbscholar_verified
Father's sister. NOT a prescriptive mother-in-law. FZD marriage sapinda-forbidden.
কাকাতো বোন
ben · Beng
kākāto bon
bengali_kayasthaformalin.wbscholar_verified
Father's brother's daughter (FBD). Parallel-paternal sibling-class. Marriage FORBIDDEN.
फूफी जी
pan · Deva
phūphī jī
punjabi_khatriformalin.pbscholar_verified
Father's sister. Variant: buā. NOT a prescriptive MIL — FZD sapinda-forbidden.
मासी जी
pan · Deva
māsī jī
punjabi_khatriformalin.pbscholar_verified
Mother's sister. Same root as Bengali māsi.
छोटा भाई
pan · Deva
chhoṭā bhāī
punjabi_khatriformalin.pbscholar_verified
Younger brother. Lit. small-brother. Plain bhāī also acceptable.
ममेरा भाई
pan · Deva
mamerā bhāī
punjabi_khatriformalin.pbscholar_verified
Mother's brother's son (MBS). Cross-cousin structurally but SIBLING-CLASS — marriage FORBIDDEN.
चचेरा भाई
pan · Deva
chacherā bhāī
punjabi_khatriformalin.pbscholar_verified
Father's brother's son (FBS). Parallel-paternal sibling-class. Marriage FORBIDDEN.
दादी जी
pan · Deva
dādī jī
punjabi_khatriformalin.pbscholar_verified
Paternal grandmother. Maternal GM = nānī jī. Indo-Aryan side-distinction.
चाचा जी
pan · Deva
chāchā jī
punjabi_khatriformalin.pbscholar_verified
Father's younger brother. Shared with broader North Indian Hindi belt.
माँ
pan · Deva
māṃ
punjabi_khatriformalin.pbscholar_verified
Mother (direct, gen+1, F). Diminutive: ammā.
चचेरी बहिन
pan · Deva
chacherī bahin
punjabi_khatriformalin.pbscholar_verified
Father's brother's daughter (FBD). Parallel-paternal sibling-class. Marriage FORBIDDEN.
मामा जी
pan · Deva
māmā jī
punjabi_khatriformalin.pbscholar_verified
Mother's brother. NOT a prescriptive FIL — sapinda-forbidden MB-side marriage.
दादा जी
pan · Deva
dādā jī
punjabi_khatriformalin.pbscholar_verified
Paternal grandfather. Maternal GF = nānā jī. KEY Indo-Aryan side-distinction.
भाई जी
pan · Deva
bhāī jī
punjabi_khatriformalin.pbscholar_verified
Elder brother (deferential). Modern Punjabi flattens elder/younger; distinguished by baṛā/chhoṭā prefix.
पिता जी
pan · Deva
pitā jī
punjabi_khatriformalin.pbscholar_verified
Father (direct, gen+1, M). Casual: bābā, pāpā.
ताया जी
pan · Deva
tāyā jī
punjabi_khatriformalin.pbscholar_verified
Father's elder brother. KEY Punjabi term (also tāū). No Bengali/Dravidian surface cognate.
बेटा
pan · Deva
beṭā
punjabi_khatriformalin.pbscholar_verified
Son (direct descent, gen-1, M). Sanskritic putra in ritual register.
ममेरी बहिन
pan · Deva
mamerī bahin
punjabi_khatriformalin.pbscholar_verified
Mother's brother's daughter (MBD). Four-gotra exogamy excludes MB-line. Marriage FORBIDDEN.
पत्नी
pan · Deva
patnī
punjabi_khatriformalin.pbscholar_verified
Wife (formal/Sanskritic). Casual: bīvī. Spousal affinal, gen 0.
दीदी
pan · Deva
dīdī
punjabi_khatriformalin.pbscholar_verified
Elder sister. Also: baṛī bahin.
छोटी बहिन
pan · Deva
chhoṭī bahin
punjabi_khatriformalin.pbscholar_verified
Younger sister. Lit. small-sister.
बेटी
pan · Deva
beṭī
punjabi_khatriformalin.pbscholar_verified
Daughter (direct descent, gen-1, F). Sanskritic kanyā in ritual register.
மகன்
tam · Taml
magaṉ
iyengar_brahminformalin.tnscholar_verified
Son (direct descent, gen-1, M).
அத்தை
tam · Taml
attai
iyer_brahminformalin.tnpublished
Father's sister. Prescriptive mother-in-law in Dravidian alliance pattern.
தங்கை
tam · Taml
taṅkai
iyer_brahminformalin.tnpublished
Younger sister. Sibling-class term also applies to parallel-paternal younger female cousin.
தங்கை
tam · Taml
taṅkai
iyengar_brahminformalin.tnscholar_verified
Younger sister. Sibling-class also applies to parallel-paternal younger female cousin.
சித்தப்பா
tam · Taml
cittappā
iyengar_brahminformalin.tnscholar_verified
Father's younger brother — small father. Junior paternal figure.
அத்தை
tam · Taml
attai
iyengar_brahminformalin.tnscholar_verified
Father's sister. Prescriptive mother-in-law in Dravidian alliance.
பெரியப்பா
tam · Taml
periyappā
iyengar_brahminformalin.tnscholar_verified
Father's elder brother — big father. Senior paternal figure.
மாமா மகள்
tam · Taml
māmā magaḷ
iyer_brahminformalin.tnpublished
Mother's brother's daughter (MBD). Cross-cousin, MARRIAGE-ELIGIBLE — the prescriptive Dravidian cross-cousin marriage. Marriage-eligibility is a Layer 3 verdict, not a Layer 2 term property; surfaced here for context.
பெரியம்மா
tam · Taml
periyammā
iyer_brahminformalin.tnpublished
Mother's elder sister — 'big mother'. (Relative-age in sig: alter is older than ego's mother in some readings; here keyed by elder-aunt sig.)
அக்கா
tam · Taml
akkā
iyengar_brahminformalin.tnscholar_verified
Elder sister. Sibling-class also applies to parallel-paternal elder female cousin.

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